The bow in Japan plays the role of our handshake, kiss, or hug. These are all ways in which we, as Westerners, greet each other, and greetings vary depending on relationships. Therefore, bowing is a well-disciplined form of etiquette and often incomprehensible to those who have never interacted with the East. Being an integral part of social relations, the depth and style of bows can vary accordingly based on the person involved. 

As far as I know, there are distinct types of bows: Eshaku, Keirei, Saikeirei. 

Mokurei (もくれい) 

It consists of a slight nod of the head and is used exclusively among close relatives or friends. 

Eshaku (えしゃ) 

It is a 15-degree bow and is often used for informal greetings or to congratulate someone. It represents a gesture of courtesy and respect. 

Keirei けいれい) 

It is a 30-degree bow and is reserved for situations where there is a significant hierarchical difference, such as when addressing a superior, like a boss. It expresses a deeper level of respect compared to eshaku. 

Saikeirei (さいけいれい) 

It is the deepest bow, at a 45-degree angle. This type of bow is reserved for very formal situations or for high-ranking personalities, such as the Emperor of Japan. It may also be performed by someone who wants to apologize deeply or express profound remorse. The use of this bow is a bit outdated. 

Certainly, among the younger generation, bowing is more informal, while for the older generations, it remains a deeply ingrained trait. The duration of the bow is also crucial. Older individuals who meet after a long time, for example, might remain bowed for a longer period, as the bow also expresses emotion. Our Western physical contact is not part of Japanese traditions.  

The gestures differ for men and women. The man keeps his hands along his hips, while the woman places them together in front. 

Translation or writing errors are attributable to me as a beginner student, so please forgive me if you come across anything incorrect. I have written the names of the bows in hiragana because the kanji writing of these words is too difficult. 

ありがとうございます 

(Arigatou gozaimasu)